[ Instrument Network Instrument R & D ] Recently, the "SIASAIL-I" solar sail developed by the Shenyang Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was equipped with the Changsha Tianyi Institute Xiaoxiang-1 07 satellite and successfully verified a number of solar in orbits. Key technology of sail. Xiaoxiang-1 satellite 07 was successfully launched at the China Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on August 31. As the main mission of the satellite, "Tianfan-1" has recently successfully carried out a series of key technical tests and will provide technology for the subsequent large-scale solar sail research and development. stand by.
The solar sail is a spacecraft powered by the reflected light pressure of the sun on the film. It does not need to consume additional chemical fuel and working medium during the voyage. It has a small mass, a large expansion ratio, low cost, low power consumption, and long range. specialty. Solar sail technology is difficult and involves many disciplines. Internationally, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries have successfully carried out solar sail technology and application research in orbit; many domestic units have also carried out solar sail related research work, and Shenyang Institute of Automation successfully carried out key technologies on orbit for the first time. test.
Scientists believe that the "solar sail" spacecraft may be the hope of human interstellar travel, because using sunlight as the power can reduce the large amount of fuel carried by the spaceship, increase its range of mobility, and make it stay in space for a longer time. Where there is sunlight, it will constantly gain power to accelerate the flight. The solar sail represents the technology of human space flight in the future. If this experiment is successful, it will take an important step in the direction of developing a new type of cosmic engine. It is believed that humans can fully use solar sails in deep space exploration in the future and give human Space travel brings a new revolution. Therefore, the fate of "Cosmic One" is not only related to the construction of energy systems in future interstellar voyages, but also to people's attitude towards the development of solar sails.
Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Ten Thousand Persons Program, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hundred Talents Program, the Shenyang Institute of Automation has carried out relevant research and development work on flexible space deployment institutions since 2011. "Tianfan-1" is the first flight product. "Tianfan-1" Sunfan folds and stores the flexible membrane inside the deployment mechanism, and the size is less than 0.5U before launch. After Xiaoxiang-1's 07-star satellite platform is normally in orbit, the technology verification is carried out by two-stage combination deployment. The first stage deployment release adopts a thermal cutting and passive release mechanism. The solar sail body is pushed out of the satellite platform by an energy storage device and flipped 90 degrees; the second stage deployment mechanism uses active driving to extend four bistable sail beams and gradually expand. The polyimide sail film forms a smooth sail, and the sail film has an unfolded size of approximately 0.6 square meters.
Polyimide is one of the organic polymer materials with comprehensive properties. Its high temperature resistance is above 400 ° C, and its long-term use temperature range is -200 to 300 ° C. Some have no obvious melting point and high insulation performance. The dielectric constant is 4.0 at 103 Hz, and the dielectric loss is only 0.004 to 0.007. According to the chemical structure of the repeating unit, polyimide can be divided into three types: aliphatic, semi-aromatic and aromatic polyimide. According to the interaction force between chains, it can be divided into cross-linked type and non-cross-linked type.
Polyimide refers to a type of polymer containing an imide ring (-CO-N-CO-) in the main chain, and among them, a polymer containing a phthalimide structure is important. As a special engineering material, polyimide has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, microelectronics, nanometer, liquid crystal, separation membrane, laser and other fields. In the 1960s, research, development, and utilization of polyimide were included in engineering plastics in the 21st century. Because of its outstanding characteristics in performance and synthesis, whether it is a structural material or a functional material, its huge application prospects have been fully recognized, and it is called a "protion solver", and It is believed that "there is no microelectronic technology today without polyimide."
"Tianfan-1" on-orbit test was jointly completed by Shenyang Institute of Automation and Tianyi Research Institute. The current data and pictures returned from orbit indicate that the key technology test of "Tianfan No. 1" solar sail is progressing smoothly, and the micro-satellite two-stage active and passive deployment system, multiple sail truss synchronous deployment mechanism, and deployable bistable rod technology are verified in orbit A number of key technologies, such as flexible sail membrane material and sail membrane folding and unfolding technology, signify the successful completion of the solar sail key technology test and verification task. The relevant research results of the unfolding institution will be published in the form of a cover paper in "Journal of Mechanical Engineering", Volume 55, Issue 21, 2019. In addition, in this mission, "Tianfan-1" will also carry out research on mechanism life, material characteristics and orbital height, verify its off-orbit capability and explore its potential applications in space debris mitigation.
Source: Shenyang Institute of Automation, Encyclopedia
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