Academician Shi Yuanchun: Blind Area and Highlights in Agricultural Water Saving

Shi Yuanchun

Blind area


Water-saving agricultural water-saving goals are undoubtedly the country's strategic goal, but it cannot be simply converted or mixed into the farmers' goals. As far as water is concerned, farmers use the principle of convenience, effort, and money, and even prefer to flood the land without spending money, effort, or expense on site, unless the benefits of saving water are greater than the investment. In other words, if it is not possible to increase income, saving water will not become the goal and conscious action of the peasants.

The blind spot on the main body of water saving “Ninth Five-Year Plan” countries invest 25 billion yuan in the channel seepage prevention, pipeline water delivery, and spray and micro-irrigation construction of more than 8,000 acres of farmland in 300 model counties across the country. Such a county. The government has incorporated project decision-making, policy formulation, capital investment, and implementation and implementation into a single entity, resulting in a de facto pattern of "national funds, cadres' achievements, and farmers' efforts." Farmers in the demonstration counties benefited, but due to the ambiguity of their status and consciousness, they were greatly discounted in their choice of technology, use of facilities, and income increase. More importantly, more than one billion mu of farmland in the country needs to save water in different degrees and ways. The government cannot guarantee the government's investment. The key is to establish a government input mechanism that uses peasants (not just model counties) as the main body of water conservation. policy.

The construction of power stations and transmission grids is a matter for the government. Saving electricity is a matter for enterprises, enterprises, and households. Similarly, the construction of water supply and water transfer projects is the government's business, and the main body of water conservation is peasants. However, the difference between agricultural water-saving and industrial energy-saving is that farmers are disadvantaged groups in terms of capital, technology, and product benefits, and are targets of government policy support.

Blind areas on technology and technology products When it comes to saving water, sprinkler drip irrigation, seepage prevention, cover protection, drought-tolerant varieties, etc. will be considered. Actually, the main problems at present are not these traditional technologies, but the poor integration and integration of these technologies. The quality of physical products is not high and the price is high. Pre-sale and after-sales service cannot keep up. This is the underdevelopment of water-saving technology enterprises, and the market operating mechanism is not Sound performance. If the main body of water conservation is a farmer, then the main body of water-saving technology and equipment support should be a water-saving technology enterprise.

There are quantitative changes and qualitative changes, improvements and breakthroughs in technological progress and technological breakthroughs in blind spots. At present, China's traditional water-saving technology is still underdeveloped, and there is still considerable room for development in the improvement and promotion of technology. This is the main technical force for the current water-saving work. However, in formulating a national medium and long-term development plan for water-saving and high-tech, there is the phenomenon of blurring and even replacing the water-saving technology with traditional technologies. The ambiguity in different goals and technical levels will have a negative impact on the important frontiers and breakthroughs in water-saving technologies, and will be detrimental to the long-term development of water-saving projects and the improvement of the competitiveness of water-saving technology companies.


Highlights


From the analysis of blind spots, some bright spots with realistic significance emerge naturally.

The first highlight is the interaction between water saving and income increase.

According to Gansu's experience, I have proposed the "collection of drip irrigation - simple greenhouse - high value-added fruit and vegetable flowers - leading enterprises" model. That is to say, in the loess hilly area where precipitation is 300 to 500 millimeters a year and drought is ten years old, there are loess slopes everywhere, a positive surface is cut out, a simple greenhouse is built, and drip irrigation is carried out by collecting rain, yellow or well water. Replanting high value-added fruits and vegetables and connecting leading companies with the market is a concrete model of interaction between water saving and income increase. Ningxia also found that the economic benefits of one cubic meter of water can be 1 yuan, or 12 yuan or 20 yuan.

The layout of crops and the adjustment of agricultural structure have combined water conservation with income growth, and they have great potential. In order to transfer 900 million cubic meters of water from Heihe to the downstream Ejina Banner, the Zhangye Region uses water resources as its source to reclaim water. Its core is to rely on local resources to develop efficient and water-saving agriculture and form solar greenhouses and wine grapes. , concentrated juice, vacuum lyophilized food, grass (block) powder processing, development of aquaculture and other seven major industries and 14 processing companies. The proportion of grain, economy, and grass within the planting industry has reached 30:50:20; the output value of the fruit industry has reached 45% of the total agricultural output value. This is an example of a win-win situation for water conservation and income increase.

To mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers for saving water and become the de facto water-saving subject, we must overcome the inertia of saving water and rely on the national investment to engage in water-saving demonstration projects to adjust water conservation and local agricultural structure. Industrialization management and farmers' income increase integration. If farmers increase their income, they will have the enthusiasm and possibility of expanding reproduction and saving water. The current major obstacle is the state's funding system, that is, water concessions can only be used for irrigation and drainage projects, and there is no stable financial channel for agricultural restructuring and industrialization.

The second highlight is: Water-saving technology companies.

Farmers have enthusiasm for water conservation, technology and equipment have become key factors. Water-saving technology companies are water-saving "equipment departments," and they are the bridges and main forces for the integration of advanced water-saving technologies and the transfer of results. They are a new and active productivity factor. The Xinjiang Construction Corps takes the drip irrigation plastic tube production plant as the leader, and mechanically double-passes the seed coating, sowing, seed dressing, drip irrigation plastic pipe and plastic film laying, etc., and completes it once. Thanks to its ease of use, the province saves water, saves manure, increases production, and is well received by farmers. The prices of disposable drip irrigation plastic pipes can be reduced to 0.2 angstroms per meter and paved in mechanized duplex operations, enabling drip irrigation technology to break into the exclusion zone that cannot be entered into Daejeon, and will be promoted on hundreds of thousands of hectares of cotton fields in Xinjiang. This is an example of the integration, physicochemical and industrialization of water-saving technologies in cotton fields under the conditions of high mechanization in Xinjiang.

"If you want to do something good, you must first sharpen its tools." "Knife does not mistakenly cut firewood" is China's most reasonable dictum. To grasp water conservation, it is necessary to grasp the integration and materialization and enterprise of water-saving technology. At present, the low-pressure pipeline water supply enterprises, spray-drop micro-irrigation enterprises, dry-area facility engineering enterprises, water-saving mechanical engineering companies, water-saving covering materials companies, water-saving chemical-biological preparation companies, and water-saving seed enterprises There will be great development.

The third highlight is the cutting edge and breakthrough in water saving technology. Nearly a century of scientific and technological progress has nurtured the above-mentioned water-saving technology system, and the emerging modern science and technology will bring new breakthroughs in water-saving technology. This is the law and the inevitable, and it is the focus of major scientific research projects such as the “863”.

The moisture cycle in the agricultural biomass production process includes the non-biological (engineered) processes from water supply, water intake, and the biological processes of plant absorption, transport, transpiration, and assimilate synthesis. Modern engineering technology is equipped with engineering water-saving technologies, and emerging and rapidly-developing biotechnology will inevitably make major breakthroughs in biological water conservation, especially in improving genetic improvement of crop water use efficiency. Biological water saving refers to the utilization and development of the organism's own physiological and genetic potential, and it can obtain more agricultural output under the same water supply conditions. This is a cutting-edge water-saving technology with great potential and vitality.

Plastic film coverage has prominent water-saving effects, and the annual coverage has reached more than 100 million mu. However, the problem of declining soil fertility caused by many years of use has become increasingly prominent, and its technological breakthrough lies in the development and use of biodegradable plastics. The spring drought in the north is widespread, and breakthroughs should be made in the biological and mechanized supporting technologies for factory nursery and transplanting. A breakthrough will be made in the practicalization of drought-resistant chemical-biological agents that will improve the physiological response and the ability to regulate crops under drought stress.

Water saving in agriculture is not only a technical issue but also a social and economic issue. It is a large system. The more complicated the system is, the more misunderstandings and blind spots are, and the more difficult it is to grasp. I think that one is to highlight the main position of farmers and the interaction between water saving and income increase; the other is to highlight the improvement and breakthrough of water-saving technology industry and technology. This is the two “nice” of agricultural water-saving work. When the government directed and set the stage, farmers, technology companies, and science and technology experts were allowed to sing, so that the relationship would be smooth and the government funds would be able to receive the full effect.

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