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Development of gypsum sulfuric acid
The production of sulfuric acid from gypsum has been a topic of interest for many years. Two years ago, this newspaper reported that an enterprise in Guizhou successfully used phosphogypsum to produce cogeneration cement, creating an industrial chain. However, the recent publication of similar news brings a fresh perspective. The continuous development and maturation of such technologies are now well established. What's particularly noteworthy is the dramatic rise in the sulfuric acid market—two years ago, prices were around 500–600 yuan per ton, and by March of this year, they had climbed to nearly 2,000 yuan per ton. This upward trend is expected to continue.
Just as high oil prices have accelerated the development of alternative energy sources, the current surge in sulfuric acid prices has created favorable conditions for the advancement of new production technologies. In addition, there is a growing amount of industrial by-products containing gypsum across China, which pollute the environment and require urgent solutions. With sustainable development becoming a top priority, the comprehensive utilization of these materials holds significant value. Therefore, the economic and environmental benefits of the gypsum-based sulfuric acid process have become increasingly prominent, making its development both necessary and justified.
In China, sulfuric acid is traditionally produced using sulfur and pyrite as raw materials. Let’s start with the sulfur process. Currently, China is the second-largest producer of sulfuric acid globally, after the United States. Nearly half of the production capacity comes from the sulfur process. However, sulfur is a resource that China lacks significantly. Its reliance on imported sulfur has surpassed 50%, and as imports increase, overseas suppliers continue to raise prices, placing heavy pressure on sulfuric acid producers.
Looking at the pyrite process, China's pyrite resources are limited, with most being low-grade ore. This restricts the expansion of sulfuric acid production capacity. Despite rapid growth in sulfuric acid output, there is still a gap of millions of tons each year. On the other hand, China has abundant gypsum resources, including high-grade deposits. Developing sulfuric acid production based on gypsum can effectively address the limitations of sulfur and pyrite as raw materials.
Moreover, there are numerous industrial by-products containing gypsum in different regions of China. Phosphogypsum from phosphate fertilizer production, titanium gypsum from titanium dioxide manufacturing, and citric acid gypsum from citric acid production are all common challenges worldwide. This new process not only opens up new avenues for sulfuric acid production but also offers a practical solution for managing waste gypsum. It achieves a harmonious integration of economic, social, and environmental benefits, making it a promising and sustainable approach for the future.