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Development of gypsum sulfuric acid
The production of sulfuric acid from gypsum has been a topic of interest for many years. Two years ago, this newspaper highlighted how an enterprise in Guizhou successfully utilized phosphogypsum to produce cogeneration cement, establishing an industrial chain that showcased the potential of this approach. However, the recent release of new information brings fresh insights. The continuous development and maturation of these technologies are now well-established, but what's more significant is the growing demand for sulfuric acid. Prices have surged from around 500-600 yuan per ton two years ago to nearly 2,000 yuan per ton this year, with the upward trend expected to continue.
Just as rising oil prices have accelerated the development of alternative energy sources, the current surge in sulfuric acid prices has created favorable conditions for the advancement of innovative production methods. In particular, the use of industrial by-products like gypsum offers a promising solution. Across China, there are large quantities of waste gypsum—such as phosphogypsum, titanium gypsum, and citric acid gypsum—that not only pose environmental challenges but also represent untapped resources. With sustainability becoming a top priority, finding ways to utilize these materials can bring economic, social, and environmental benefits simultaneously.
In China, traditional sulfuric acid production relies heavily on sulfur and pyrite. The sulfur-based process accounts for nearly half of the country’s total capacity. However, China is a major importer of sulfur, with over 50% of its needs met through foreign sources. As imports increase, so do global sulfur prices, placing significant pressure on domestic producers. Meanwhile, the pyrite-based process faces its own challenges. China's pyrite reserves are limited, and much of it is of low quality, restricting the expansion of sulfuric acid production capacity.
Despite rapid growth, China still faces a gap of millions of tons in sulfuric acid supply each year. Fortunately, the country is rich in gypsum resources, including high-quality deposits. By leveraging these resources, the gypsum-based sulfuric acid process could address the raw material constraints currently limiting production. Additionally, using industrial by-products such as phosphogypsum not only reduces waste but also enhances the sustainability of the entire production cycle. This innovative approach not only meets market demands but also aligns with national goals for environmental protection and resource efficiency.