Orchard fertilization new technology should be vigorously promoted

At present, the fertilization structure in the fruit industry is still very unreasonable. There are widespread misuses of fertilization, such as unscientific fertilization, insufficient fertilizer input, and unbalanced fertilization structure. This not only results in waste of fertilizer but also adversely affects the soil structure. Some of them even cause fertilizer damage, which seriously affects the high quality and high yield of fruit trees, resulting in low fruit effectiveness. With the increasing demand from consumers at home and abroad for pollution-free high-quality fruit products, we should further raise awareness and vigorously promote orchard scientific fertilization. method.

The first is to actively promote soil testing formulations and balanced fertilization techniques. Soil testing formulation and balanced fertilization are the comprehensive application of modern agricultural scientific and technological achievements and scientific and technological means to measure the soil's fertilizer supply performance by first measuring the soil and then synthesize the law of fertilizer requirements for crops. Under the conditions of organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro are proposed. The appropriate amount and proportion of fertilizer, dubbed fertilizer applied directly to the production of fruit trees.

The second is to broaden the application of organic fertilizer, increase the amount of organic fertilizer application. The production of high-quality and high-grade fruit requires more application of organic fertilizer, and as little or no inorganic fertilizer is used as possible, especially in the production of pollution-free fruit, but it also requires the application of large amounts of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer consists of a large number of biological substances, animal and plant residues, excreta, and biological waste. It consists of compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud fertilizer, and cake fertilizer. The application of organic manure must be widened and sources of fertilizer should be used. Local governments must use local rich resources to prepare organic fertilizers in multiple directions and change the habit of relying solely on pigs (cattle, sheep, chickens, etc.) for fattening up fertilizers. Straw, leaves, distiller's grains, etc. should be used organically. Feiyuan guarantees the application of more than 1,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre to achieve the goal of combining land use with land and increase production of fertilizer land to meet the large demand for organic fertilizers from fruit trees.

The third is to promote the use of fruit tree series special compound fertilizer. The special compound fertilizer for fruit trees is a physical product of formula fertilization technology. It contains various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro, which are required for the growth of crops. It solves the long-standing problems in rural areas that are difficult to match and difficult to buy. The problem is that, compared with simple fertilizer or conventional fertilization, the yield can be up to 15%. Crop-specific fertilizers generally have the following advantages: First, they are highly targeted, reasonably proportioned, and have long-lasting fertilizer effects. They can significantly increase the fruit growth capacity, release fertilizer slowly after application, avoid blind fertilization and fertilizer waste, and second, increase fertilizer use efficiency. The fruit tree special fertilizer can generally increase the nitrogen utilization rate from 20% to 30%, the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium from 20% to 40%, other microelements can also extend the effective period accordingly, and the economic benefit is obviously improved; The method is simple and the farmers are easy to operate.

Fourth, vigorously promote new controlled release fertilizers. New controlled-release fertilizers refer to fertilizers whose nutrient release is consistent with the law of nutrient absorption by crops by a variety of regulatory mechanisms to release nutrients according to a set release pattern (including release time and release rate). Compared with common fertilizers, this type of fertilizer can be used once in one season to save time and labor, and also increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, increase fruit production, improve fruit quality, improve soil fertility, reduce pollution, and improve the ecological environment. It is also called smart fertilizer, fool fertilizer, environmental fertilizer and green fertilizer.

Fifth, the orchard should pay attention to the application of potash fertilizer. Loss of potassium in orchards will affect flower bud differentiation, cold resistance of trees, and fruit coloring, and at the same time, it will reduce yield and fruit quality. The soil itself contains a certain amount of potassium, but because many organic orchards have too little soil and fertilizer, the application of potash can no longer keep up, and losses occur year after year, causing a considerable part of orchards to lack potassium. The most fundamental way to change the condition of potassium deficiency in soil is to increase the application of organic fertilizer and promote the return of crop straw to dry land; the orchard with obvious symptoms of potassium deficiency can be topdressed with potassium and other readily available potassium fertilizers. The optimum period for applying potash fertilizer is from June to August. At this time, the soil temperature is suitable and the root system is active. The absorption of potassium by the tree body is large, and the effect is obvious.

The sixth is to strengthen the application of trace fertilizer. Fruit trees need less trace elements such as calcium, boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, magnesium and manganese. However, these trace elements have an important influence on the growth and development of fruit trees and the quality of fruit. Therefore, the production of high-quality and high-grade fruit can not be separated. The application of these micronutrients was opened. Such as boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can increase fruit coloring and improve fruit quality, and calcium fertilizer can increase fruit hardness and so on.

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