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How to plant a good autumn buckwheat
Buckwheat is a fast-growing crop that matures in just 70 to 80 days. It is highly adaptable, nutritionally rich, and has long been used as an important crop for food, disaster relief, and filling gaps in the agricultural cycle. Based on farming experience, there are four key points to consider when planting buckwheat effectively.
First, timely sowing is essential. Buckwheat follows the saying, "Early sowing saves three days, late sowing costs three days." This means that timing is crucial. For autumn buckwheat, the ideal sowing time is around the "Bai Lu" (White Dew) period, which usually falls in early September. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in warm water at 30–40°C for 10 minutes. After soaking, they should be sown into well-prepared soil using a rake or flat board. A recommended seed rate is 5 kg per 667 square meters, with a shallow covering of about 3 cm of soil. This method helps improve germination rates, encourages early emergence, and ensures more uniform growth.
Second, applying sufficient fertilizer is important for higher yields. Buckwheat benefits greatly from phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. As a general guideline, farmers should apply 667-1000 kg of pig manure per 667 square meters, along with 15–20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of wood ash as base fertilizer. These nutrients help support healthy plant development throughout the growing season.
Third, proper field management is necessary. Buckwheat fields should remain well-drained to avoid waterlogging. If dry conditions occur after sowing, irrigation should be provided to keep the soil moist and ensure good seedling establishment. In areas without irrigation, diluted manure water can be applied in the morning and evening before the seedlings emerge. This not only nourishes the plants but also helps strengthen them. Since buckwheat grows slowly and is prone to weeds, it's important to cultivate and remove weeds when the seedlings reach 6–8 cm in height. A second cultivation should be done before flowering to promote root development. During the flowering and fruiting stages, spraying a solution of 0.5 kg urea and 200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 60 liters of water, 1–2 times, can help prevent nutrient deficiency and increase yield.
Fourth, pollination assistance is critical. In natural conditions, the seed set rate of buckwheat rarely exceeds 20%. To improve this, beekeeping during the flowering period is recommended. Alternatively, artificial pollination can be carried out 2–3 times. One common technique involves using a nylon rope, with two people holding each end and gently dragging it over the top of the plants. This movement helps shake the flowers, promoting pollen dispersal and improving pollination efficiency.
By following these four key practices—timely sowing, proper fertilization, effective field management, and assisted pollination—farmers can significantly enhance buckwheat yield and quality, making it a more reliable and profitable crop.