Research and analysis of development methods of numerical control technology

At present, the PC-NC numerical control system is mainly embedded in PC, and adopts an open and modular bus structure. This structure is easy to cut, expand and upgrade, and can form different grades of CNC system, so that some large machine tool manufacturers can also use the hardware resources of general-purpose microcomputers to develop unique process software and control software to produce the equipment that is suitable for the host. The system to obtain the best performance-price ratio has greatly improved the market competitiveness. High speed and high precision are the development direction of modern numerical control system. High-speed and high-precision double high technology is the main technical direction of the new generation of CNC machine tools. Only by fully utilizing the new technology of CNC system can this goal be achieved. For the numerical control system, first use a high-speed microprocessor as an arithmetic component: or configure a multi-CPU distributed architecture. Parallel processing is performed using a real-time multitasking operating system to enhance high-speed processing capabilities. For the processing of complex parts, it is necessary to have a variety of interpolation functions, such as spiral interpolation, involute interpolation, spline interpolation and direct surface interpolation (Huazhong Engineering CNC system has been adopted). The use of a new generation of digital AC servo system as the actuator is the key to achieving high-speed, high-precision motion control of CNC machine tools. This type of servo system is a digital closed-loop control system based on modern control theory. Automatic acceleration and deceleration control is used to improve positioning accuracy at high speeds. The intelligent digital servo system that automatically adjusts the servo parameters according to load changes can obtain the best dynamic quality to meet the requirements of high speed and high precision. - In order to achieve double high requirements, it is also necessary to have a high-resolution, high-response position pulsating component, which can achieve high positional accuracy by high-rate subdivision. In the case of high precision requirements, a full-closed loop control system with position feedback can be used. If the encoder is used for semi-closed loop control, higher precision can be obtained by backlash compensation and bidirectional screw pitch error compensation. The comprehensive precision of CNC machine tools can be improved by dynamic and static error compensation, thermal deformation error compensation and spatial error compensation. Directly driving the moving parts of the machine with a linear motor can achieve extremely high speed and accuracy. In the United States, the NGC next-generation controller numerical control system is being developed in recent years, which is an open system. Under the guidance of NGC open system structure standard specification, CNC system developers can directly use the software and hardware resources provided by the microcomputer, and adopt different software and hardware modules to form a system that meets their technical goals.

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