Warp knitting machines are machines used in the textile industry to produce knitted fabrics. Unlike weft knitting machines, which use a single yarn to create a fabric, warp knitting machines use multiple yarns that are fed in parallel to the machine. These yarns are then knitted together to create a fabric with a distinct structure and texture.
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Warp knitting machines can be used to produce a wide range of fabrics, including lace, netting, and tricot. They are also used to produce fabrics for a variety of applications, including clothing, home furnishings, and industrial textiles.
There are several different types of warp knitting machines, including raschel machines, tricot machines, and crochet machines. Each type of machine has its own unique characteristics and capabilities, making them suitable for different types of fabrics and applications.
Overall, warp knitting machines are an important tool in the textile industry, allowing manufacturers to produce high-quality, versatile fabrics with a range of unique properties and characteristics.
The key is to select the process --- from a technical perspective to see the development of chemical recycling economy
Jin Yong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at Tsinghua University, emphasized during a national chemical industry roundtable meeting that the theory of circular economy is deeply rooted in scientific principles. Modern industrial practices have demonstrated that the goals of a circular economy can be achieved, but success depends on concrete projects and strong scientific and technological support. Without such backing, the concept of circular economy may remain just an illusion.
The petroleum and chemical industry, as a resource-intensive sector, must embrace the philosophy of sustainable development through circular economy principles. In recent years, China's chemical industry has made significant progress by developing and implementing numerous innovative technologies aimed at resource conservation and pollution reduction, which have greatly supported the growth of a circular economy.
There are two major categories of chemical recycling technologies. The first involves utilizing low-quality raw materials and waste for comprehensive resource recovery, such as producing olefins from residue cracking, gasifying coal to produce syngas, and converting phosphogypsum into phosphoric acid or acetic acid. The second category focuses on processes that significantly reduce emissions and conserve energy and resources, including sulfur-free roasting, ion-exchange membrane caustic soda production, wet-process phosphoric acid, and dephosphorylated phosphoric acid phosphorylation.
Promoting circular economy technologies is of critical importance, yet it differs fundamentally from traditional economic models. While traditional economics prioritizes labor efficiency and capital returns, the circular economy emphasizes maximizing natural resource utilization while minimizing environmental impact. However, due to conflicting interests among companies, governments, and the public, as well as varying levels of technological maturity, transitioning to circular economy practices remains challenging within a conventional market framework.
A notable example is Lubei Enterprise Group’s breakthrough in co-producing cement with phosphogypsum and sulfuric acid, solving a global issue of phosphogypsum waste and sulfur shortages. This technology represents a zero-emission model, but its adoption has been limited due to insufficient environmental regulations and high costs compared to older methods. Currently, less than 20% of phosphogypsum is processed domestically, highlighting the need for government intervention through supportive policies and coordinated efforts across society.
To advance the circular economy, innovative technological concepts are essential. Instead of rigidly replacing one product with another, the focus should be on functional substitution—aiming to reduce resource consumption and pollution. For instance, in China’s ongoing debate over coal-to-oil alternatives, various options exist, including direct coal liquefaction, indirect hydrogenation, dimethyl ether (DME), and methanol production. Each has different energy requirements and environmental impacts. DME, for example, offers higher engine efficiency and lower emissions than diesel, while methanol requires less coal per unit of fuel produced. These differences underscore the importance of long-term strategic planning in selecting the most sustainable coal-to-oil solutions.