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Recalling the achievements of global chemical science and technology innovation in 2005 that profoundly affected industrial development
In 2005, as global chemical production expanded, the pace of technological innovation accelerated significantly, becoming a key driver for the sustainable development of the industry. Over the past year, major breakthroughs in chemical science and technology were seen across various fields, including basic raw materials, synthetic resins, plastics, environmental protection catalysts, biochemistry, nanotechnology, new materials, and chemical equipment. These innovations not only showcased great significance but also held substantial potential for transforming the chemical and related industries.
One notable advancement was in raw material technologies, such as Lummus’s SRT-X ethylene production process, which offers faster heating, reduced coking, and a 10% smaller furnace area with three times higher cracking capacity. This process can scale up to 300,000 tons per year, reducing investment by 10%. Asahi Kasei also introduced a catalytic cracking process that produces propylene and ethylene from C4 and C5 extracts, with an industrial plant set to start operations in Japan in early 2006.
Eastman developed a more efficient polymerization-grade terephthalic acid (PTA) process, cutting costs by 25-30% compared to conventional methods. Zhejiang Hualian Sanxin used this technology to launch a terephthalic acid plant in Shaoxing. Meanwhile, BASF and Dow Chemical planned to build a 300,000-ton/year installation using a hydrogen peroxide-free route for propylene oxide production.
In the polymer field, SRI Consulting introduced a new anionic polymerization process for polystyrene (PS), resulting in narrower molecular weight distribution, better mechanical properties, and lower investment and material usage. Teijin Chemical developed a fully recyclable polycarbonate resin process, reducing energy consumption by 66%.
Biodegradable materials also saw progress, with Metabolix launching a polyhydroxyalkyl ester biopolymer that competes with PE in price and performance. Cornell University found a way to make biodegradable plastics from renewable resources and COâ‚‚. BASF combined Ecoflex polyester with polylactic acid to create biodegradable plastic solutions.
Catalyst innovations played a vital role in process improvements. Northwestern University developed a membrane-encapsulated metalloenzyme for methane-to-methanol conversion, while ExxonMobil introduced a new silicoaluminophosphate catalyst for methanol-to-propylene processes. Lonza’s new fluidized-bed catalyst improved maleic anhydride production with higher selectivity and lower operating temperatures.
Nanotechnology contributed to new product developments, such as Oxonica’s Envirox fuel additive, which reduces fuel consumption and emissions by 5%. BASF launched a nano-modified polybutylene terephthalate used in telephone sockets. Southern German Chemical Company developed a wear-resistant polypropylene/polystyrene alloy with nano additives, and Mitsui Chemicals created a carbon nanocomposite for high-purity applications.
New materials brought advancements to high-tech sectors. NEC developed a flexible, ultra-thin battery that charges in 30 seconds, suitable for smart cards. PlasticLogic unveiled a 25.4-cm flexible display with high resolution, while the University of California introduced a low-cost plastic solar cell with 10–20% of traditional cell costs.
The University of Michigan created lightweight, strong polymers for hydrogen storage, using covalent organic frameworks to increase storage capacity and reduce weight. Energy-saving technologies also advanced, with innovations in distillation units, such as split-wall towers and reactive distillation, improving separation efficiency and reducing energy use.
Overall, 2005 marked a transformative year for the chemical industry, with numerous breakthroughs that laid the foundation for future growth and sustainability.