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How do you pay to charge an electric car?
Globally, electric vehicle (EV) sales have surged dramatically over the past few years. Consequently, the demand for charging infrastructure—both at home and in public places—has skyrocketed. However, for many new EV owners, the concept of charging their vehicles remains somewhat unfamiliar and can be confusing.
For instance, understanding how and whether you need to pay for EV charging is a common concern among new drivers. This article seeks to demystify the process by providing a comprehensive overview of the various payment options available and explaining why these options exist in the first place.
Do You Have to Pay to Charge an Electric Car?
While there are certainly situations where you can charge your car for free—for example, at workplaces or businesses like supermarkets or restaurants—it’s likely that nine out of ten times, you'll need to pay for it.
How to Pay for Electric Car Charging: A Quick Overview
The specifics of EV charging payments vary depending on whether you're charging at home or in a public location. Here's a quick rundown:
At Home Charging:
Paying for home charging is straightforward since home chargers are connected to your household electricity meter. The cost of the electricity used is simply added to your monthly utility bill.
Public Charging:
Paying for public charging is more complex and depends on the charge point operator or network. Often, you can pay-per-use, but many networks also offer memberships or subscriptions that provide lower rates in exchange for a monthly fee. Payments are commonly processed through an app, an RFID card or fob, or even directly with a contactless credit or debit card.
Let’s Dive Deeper into the Details
Below, we’ll explore how paying for EV charging works in greater detail.
How Do You Pay for Electric Car Charging?
Unlike traditional gasoline-powered cars, where refueling involves visiting a gas station, EVs offer more flexibility in terms of when and where you decide to charge up. Since electricity is widely available, your charging options are diverse.
Different Types of Charging
Before diving into payment methods, it’s essential to understand the different types of charging. Broadly speaking, there are two main categories: private and public charging.
Private charging, also known as residential or home charging, refers to chargers installed in private spaces like your home or a private parking garage. On the other hand, public chargers are located in various public places such as supermarkets, commercial parking lots, restaurants, hotels, and gas stations. These are accessible to anyone, though they may require signing up with the charge point operator.
Your payment method depends on whether you’re using a private or public charger. Let’s examine each in more detail.
How to Pay for Charging Your Electric Car at Home
Paying for home charging is simple: home charging stations are integrated into your electrical circuit, so the energy used is tracked by your meter and added to your electricity bill.
The cost of home charging depends on several factors, including your utility provider, electricity rates, the charger’s power output, your EV’s battery size, and your driving habits. For a detailed breakdown of how much electricity an EV uses, check out our dedicated article.
Home charging is typically the easiest (and usually the cheapest) way to charge your EV, as you don’t need any additional subscriptions or memberships and pay the standard price per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity used. Depending on your electricity tariff, you might even be able to take advantage of lower prices by charging during off-peak hours, such as at night.
How to Pay for Public Charging
Public chargers come in a variety of power outputs and can vary in cost, but the payment process is generally consistent. Unlike manned gas stations where you can pay in cash, charging stations almost always require card payment or billing through an account.
The cost of charging typically includes an initial connection fee plus the amount of electricity consumed multiplied by the network’s tariff (price per kWh).
The main challenge in paying for a charging session lies in identifying the end user. The system needs to determine who should be billed for the electricity used. This is where the complexity of public EV charging arises—how this authentication is done differs from charger to charger and between different networks.
Let’s explore the various ways this identification is handled and break down how each works.
How You Pay is Connected to How You Identify Yourself to the Charging Station
Currently, there are three main ways to authenticate yourself at a public charging station, with a new method, plug and charge, in development to simplify the charging experience.
For all methods except contactless card payment, you can choose between subscribing to a charging service or paying per use. While the former usually offers cheaper rates, paying as you go provides greater flexibility.
Charging Via an App
One of the primary ways to manage public charging is through a charging app. There are numerous different charging apps available that allow you to connect and authenticate yourself to public chargers.
Payment through a charging app can be done either through a subscription or membership, where you pay a fixed monthly fee for discounted per kWh rates, or by paying per use (usually at a higher rate but with no monthly payment). In either case, charging costs are charged to your account and can be paid by credit or debit card or directly by bank transfer.
RFID Card/Key Fob
Another option for paying at a public charger that doesn’t involve a smartphone is through a physical RFID card or fob issued by the charge point operator, which contains your authentication information.
By swiping it on the reader, the charging station recognizes who’s using the station and knows where to send the bill. Similar to apps, you can opt for a membership or pay as you go, depending on how frequently you charge at public stations.
Like apps, not every charging station works with the same RFID card, so if you use chargers from various networks, you may need to own and carry multiple RFID cards. While most modern chargers can also be unlocked through an app, some models require an RFID card or fob, which is worth considering when looking for a public charger.
Contactless Payment/Card Reader
Perhaps the simplest payment option offered by some public chargers is via contactless bank card payment. This method doesn’t require any memberships or subscriptions; instead, anyone can start a charging session by swiping their credit or debit card.
While this is undoubtedly the most flexible payment method, it tends to be the most expensive in the long run. Not only are you likely to pay a higher price per kilowatt by paying contactlessly, but you also miss out on any memberships or discounts that might be available.
How to Pay for Public Charging in the Future?
Regardless of your preferred payment method, one thing is clear: paying for public EV charging can be a convoluted, confusing process due to the varying and often conflicting processes depending on the operator. Is there a way this can be standardized?
Fortunately, such an approach is already in development as an ISO standard, referred to as “plug and charge.â€
Plug and Charge
“Plug and charge,†or its full name, “Road vehicles – Vehicle to Grid communication interface,†is an international standard bearing ISO number 15118. Ironically, despite sounding potentially more confusing than all the existing payment methods, this standard is set to greatly simplify the entire public charging process.
As the name suggests, the idea behind this standard is to eliminate the manual authentication required when plugging into a public charging station. Instead, authentication data will be stored in your vehicle and automatically communicated to the charger when plugged in.
Thus, the charger can determine who to bill without user input, streamlining the charging experience by simply plugging in.
Upcoming Government Legislation to Protect Consumers
Electric vehicles and EV charging are still relatively new features in most countries' mobility sectors. Therefore, a lot of legislation and standardization is yet to be established to ensure consumer protection and prioritize their interests.
Many countries are beginning to implement such legislation. For example, the U.S. is working towards the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) program, which requires interoperability between charging providers, as well as similar payment systems, pricing information, charging speeds, and other features that will significantly enhance the user experience.
On the other side of the Atlantic, Europe’s “Fit for 55†proposals include legislation aimed at improving the user experience and ensuring fair, open, and accessible charging infrastructure under the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR).
EV Roaming
While interoperability and compatibility within a country’s charging networks are crucial, ensuring EVs can be charged across borders is often overlooked. This is where roaming comes in.
This may sound complicated, but let’s clarify with an example.
EV charging roaming is akin to roaming on your phone, allowing you to connect to a foreign country’s network and use data and phone calls as usual. In 2017, the EU introduced a new regulation dubbed the “Roam Like at Home†regulation. This law allowed all European consumers to call, text, and use mobile data at no extra cost wherever they were within the EU.
In the context of EV charging, roaming ensures drivers can use and connect to public chargers outside their home country. But roaming is about more than just cross-border charging.
With roaming, drivers can charge at stations belonging to any other CPO networks with a single subscription. This means no more different charging cards or app subscriptions.
This enables drivers to charge at any publicly accessible charging point without worrying about extra fees or being forced to take up a contract with the provider managing that charging point. Instead of paying at the machine, the driver would simply continue to pay for charging as they do at home: with their service provider or charging subscription.
The difference between roaming and ad hoc payment options, such as adding a credit card reader, is similar to the difference between adapting an old-fashioned payphone to accept a credit card or utilizing the digital connectivity of a smartphone today.
Paying for EV charging can be a daunting, complex experience, especially for new EV drivers. Unfortunately, there is no single method that EV drivers can always rely on, as different networks, operators, and countries use different methods—whether through an app, using an RFID card or fob, or simply by credit or debit card.
However, as the EV market matures, new legislation and standards mean that today’s disparate charging landscape will soon become a thing of the past. For instance, plug and charge is set to bring new levels of transparency, interoperability, and user-friendliness to the charging experience.
To read more about what new regulations in Europe mean for EV drivers, check out our dedicated blog. Alternatively, if you'd like to learn more about public EV charging, have a look at our article on using a public charger.